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About the Verb Tables

Updated

The verb lookup reads one file per language. This page is the readme for those files: where the forms come from, what this site changed, the license, and what each field means. Anyone can reuse the files under the same license.

LanguageFileVerbsForms
Spanishes.json30017,406
Frenchfr.json30014,216
Germande.json3009,114

License and credit

The files are shared under CC BY-SA 4.0. If you reuse them, keep the credit line and share your version under the same license. Each file carries its credit line in the attribution field:

Conjugations from Wiktionary (https://en.wiktionary.org/), CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wiktextract and kaikki.org, retrieved 2026-11-09. Filtered and reformatted by Conversation Mile. Verb ranking computed from Tatoeba (https://tatoeba.org), CC BY 2.0 FR.

Wiktionary's text is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 and the GFDL, and these files use CC BY-SA 4.0. The kaikki.org download pages don't state a license for the data, so the license here follows Wiktionary. That's this site's reading, not a statement from kaikki.org.

Every verb has a source_url that links to its Wiktionary entry. The history page of each entry lists the people who wrote it.

Where do the forms come from?

From English Wiktionary, as of the dump of October 1, 2026. The Wiktextract project extracted the conjugation tables, and kaikki.org published them as one file per language, built on October 30, 2026. This site downloaded those files on November 9, 2026.

What did this site change?

  • Which verbs. Only entries with a conjugation table count. Entries that are only a form of another word, entries whose every sense is marked obsolete, archaic, dated or rare, and verbs written with a space or a hyphen are left out, as are Spanish verbs ending in -se and a few verbs removed by hand.
  • Which forms. Forms with an attached pronoun, such as Spanish vete, are left out, along with placeholder rows. German separable verbs keep their two-word forms, such as fange an.
  • Which 300. Verbs were ranked by how often their forms turn up in Tatoeba sentences (CC BY 2.0 FR). The ranking only picks the 300 verbs and marks the ten per language that the lookup lists without JavaScript (top). The rank numbers aren't in the files.
  • The layout. Rows were regrouped into the format below. The forms themselves weren't rewritten, and pronunciations aren't included.
  • The labels. The person labels, such as yo, je and ich, and the English tense names are this site's own.

What should you watch for?

Two forms in one cell. A cell lists every form Wiktionary gives, in Wiktionary's order, and the order doesn't say which one is standard. Some cells hold an older or less common form next to the usual one, such as Spanish acuesto and acosto, French paye and paie, or German komm and komme. Check the Wiktionary entry before you pick one.

Place labels. Where Wiktionary labels a form with a place, the file keeps that label word for word in regions, and the lookup shows it in brackets. Spanish escripto, for example, is labeled Argentina and Uruguay. Other labels, such as colloquial or rare, aren't kept.

How far it was checked. Samples were compared with rules and with open textbooks, and most verbs had no second source. The lookup page gives the numbers. If a form looks wrong, report it through the corrections page.

File format

Each file is UTF-8 JSON with these fields:

  • lang, name: the language code and its English name.
  • source, source_url, license, license_url, retrieved, attribution: where the data comes from and how to credit it.
  • readme: the address of this page.
  • persons: the rows, as id and label. Spanish has separate usted and ustedes rows that hold only imperative forms, and a 2sg_vos row with forms only in the present, the present subjunctive and the imperative.
  • tenses, nonfinite: the columns and the participles (plus the Spanish gerund), as id and label.
  • verbs: one entry per infinitive, with:
    • source_url: the Wiktionary entry.
    • forms: for each tense, one cell per row in persons order. A cell is a list of forms, or null when the source gives none.
    • other: the participles, and the Spanish gerund, each as a list of forms.
    • auxiliary: for French and German, the helper verb or verbs the compound tenses use.
    • top: present on the ten verbs shown without JavaScript.
    • regions: present only when Wiktionary labels a form with a place. Each key names the cell and the form, such as past_participle:escripto or preterite.1sg:schnie, or auxiliary:sein for a helper verb. Each value is the list of Wiktionary's labels.

Spanish

es.json: 300 verbs and 17,406 forms, from the kaikki.org Spanish file. Tenses: present, preterite, imperfect, future, conditional, present subjunctive, both imperfect subjunctives (-ra and -se) and the imperative, plus the gerund and the past participle. The future subjunctive and the compound tenses aren't included.

French

fr.json: 300 verbs and 14,216 forms, from the kaikki.org French file. Tenses: present, imperfect, passé simple (Wiktionary's past historic), future, conditional, present subjunctive, imperfect subjunctive and the imperative, plus both participles. The helper verb comes from the conjugation template of each Wiktionary entry.

German

de.json: 300 verbs and 9,114 forms, from the kaikki.org German file. Tenses: present, preterite, Subjunctive I, Subjunctive II and the imperative, plus both participles.